Unification of the sciences

 

Information about the article:

A presentation of the research institute "Andishe Online Germany (AOG)".

An excerpt from the "Integrated Sciences" section

Subject: Philosophy. Metaphysics

Author: Faramarz Tabesh

Release of the Persian version: May 05, 2018

Release of English, German, French, and Spanish versions: October 01, 2019

This work has been translated from Persian (Farsi) into English and German by Faramarz Tabesh.

Archiving code of the article: OstadElahi_FaramarzTabesh_d,kdtdödak H, d shdksc H, f,j ndlkak

Link to the original article at the AOG Research Institute:

https://www.andishe.online/article-no-10--33

Modern world view

To definitively answer the question of how universes, multiverses, or existence itself originated, the mystical considerations must be combined with appropriate scientific theories. The fact that the soul is invisible does not imply its non-existence. When studying the regulation of human gene expression, for example in transcription1, we can describe how the polymerase molecule binds to a DNA2 region called promoter3, and the correct gene sequence for transcription is determined in a closed loop, where one protein molecule regulates the activity of another. Furthermore, numerous proteins and enzymes4, including enhancers5, silencers6, and transcription factors7, are involved in this process.

In my view, this represents an incomplete scientific understanding. Nevertheless, few scientists are willing to consider that a form of quantum intelligence might govern this mechanism.

When considering the Big Bang8, scientists propose a quantum vacuum theory that fails to explain the origin of the asymmetry between matter and antimatter, particularly electrons and positrons.

Science can only theorize about the universe’s origin starting from the Big Bang. To explore what occurred before the Big Bang, science needs the spiritual-physical definitions from a first reliable source. To date, no scientifically acceptable and comprehensive description exists that is compatible with natural science and capable of addressing questions beyond its current limits.

On the other hand, some real mystics acquired immaterial wisdom through a disciplined way of life in their earthly lives with the help of divine teachings, which were put together by very rare masters (manifestations of God). This type of self-control led to a special mental connection with the immaterial world, so that the person, who had experienced it, could, with a kind of Enlightenment and in accordance with their soul rank, analyze the phenomena and intangible truths of this world .This mode of understanding surpasses the scope of academic science.

That is the reason why the mystical and scientific considerations have gone two different ways. In this context, only a perfect personality who is commissioned by God and is also a manifestation of God can provide the most diverse and complete definition of existence. 

Existence is a vast structure, where fundamental particles, such as fermions9, anti-fermions10, and bosons11, are interconnected like the weave of a carpet. Therefore, we are not allowed to observe and to examine natural phenomena only in one aspect and in one dimension, because we must also have information about the other dimension of matter. The behavior of an electron appears unpredictable in our studies because we have not fully accounted for the complete context and meaning of creation.

I contend that the sciences of both dimensions must collaborate henceforth. I contend that the account of creation provided by Ostad Elahi 12and the information from other parts of his teachings regarding the origin of existence have the necessary potential to fulfill exactly this claim.

Thales13 claimed that existence is permeated with the divine, while elementary particle physicists assert that the universe is filled with particles and antiparticles. This suggests that academic sciences, such as quantum mechanics and particle physics, may be compatible with sound metaphysical principles and could complement one another.

My aim is to demonstrate how these two claims can be reconciled and to provide all necessary information in this context.

Elementary particles. General information

In particle physics¹⁴, elementary particles are defined as the smallest fundamental building blocks of matter.

Democritus postulated the atomic theory around 400 BCE.¹⁵ According to this theory, matter consists of the smallest particles, namely atoms, that are no longer divisible. This theory was initially supported by developments in chemistry during the 18th century.

At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists discovered that atoms consist of an atomic nucleus composed of smaller particles, later termed nucleons, specifically protons and neutrons.

Over time, scientists discovered additional particles, such as pions, muons, and kaons, as well as antiparticles, through studies of the atomic nucleus and cosmic rays. Through these and related discoveries, scientists established that nucleons are composed of other particles. These particles were termed fermions (named after Enrico Fermi). Further investigations and observations of the fermions led to the subdivision of these particles into quarks¹⁶ and leptons¹⁷. They are differentiated by quantum physical properties such as charge and mass.

With the birth of elementary particle physics, the door to a new world was opened. Although particle physics has not yet fully explained the origin of the universe, its findings offer significant insights for this study. To understand both dimensions—material and immaterial—it is essential to become familiar with key terms in particle physics, as they will recur throughout this discussion.

In this context, I wish to emphasize the following to my readers:

To ensure that definitions, descriptions, and explanations remain accessible to a broader audience, technical terms and complex expressions are minimized. This approach does not compromise the content’s depth, as the discussions convey essential insights independent of technical terminology.

My priority is to ensure that the theses presented here and in subsequent papers are clearly and comprehensively understood.

More comprehensive studies will be conducted and shared in future publications

 

Faramarz Tabesh is an independent researcher and the founder and director of the Research Institute Andishe Online Germany (AOG) based in Germany. His research center disseminates the results of his studies in multiple languages, including English, French, German, Persian, Spanish, and Arabic, through dedicated websites. His work spans a broad interdisciplinary focus with a commitment to multilingual scientific outreach.

For inquiries, please contact:   Andishe-germany@online.de

 

References

[1] Transcription

Scientific Explanation: In biology, transcription is the process by which an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template. It is the first step in gene expression, where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into a complementary RNA sequence. This RNA can then be used to produce proteins through translation.

Reference:

• Alberts, B., et al. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ed.). Garland Science.
• Lodish, H., et al. (2016). Molecular Cell Biology (8th ed.). W.H. Freeman and Company.

[2] DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Scientific Explanation: DNA is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. It consists of two strands that form a double helix structure, made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) encodes genetic information.

Reference:

• Alberts, B., et al. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ed.). Garland Science.
• Watson, J. D., & Crick, F. H. C. (1953). Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid. Nature, 171(4356), 737-738.

[3] Promoter

Scientific Explanation: A promoter is a region of DNA located upstream of a gene that regulates its transcription. It serves as a binding site for RNA polymerase and transcription factors, initiating the transcription process. Promoters control when and how much a gene is expressed, and their activity can be influenced by various regulatory elements such as enhancers and silencers.

Reference:

• Alberts, B., et al. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ed.). Garland Science.
• Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., Gatto, G. J. (2015). Biochemistry (8th ed.). W.H. Freeman.

[4] Enzymes

Scientific Explanation: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process. They are typically proteins, and they work by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur. Each enzyme is specific to a particular substrate, and they are crucial for processes like digestion, energy production, and DNA replication.

Reference:

• Nelson, D. L., Cox, M. M. (2017). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (7th ed.). W.H. Freeman.
• Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., Gatto, G. J. (2015). Biochemistry (8th ed.). W.H. Freeman.

[5] Enhancers

Scientific Explanation: Enhancers are regulatory DNA sequences that increase the transcription of specific genes. They work by binding to transcription factors and coactivator proteins, which in turn interact with the promoter region of a gene to enhance its transcription. Enhancers can function at large distances from the genes they regulate and can act on multiple genes within the same region of the genome. They are essential for fine-tuning gene expression during processes like development and cell differentiation.

Reference:

• Alberts, B., et al. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ed.). Garland Science.
• Blackwood, E. M., & Eisenman, R. N. (1991). Max: A Helix-Loop-Helix Zipper Protein That Forms a Sequence-Specific DNA-Binding Complex with Myc. Science, 251(4998), 1211-1217.

[6] Silencers

Scientific Explanation: Silencers are regulatory DNA sequences that decrease the transcription of nearby genes. They are the opposite of enhancers, which increase gene expression. Silencers work by binding to repressor proteins, which then prevent the transcription machinery, such as RNA polymerase, from accessing the gene. Silencers play a critical role in controlling gene expression, especially in processes like cell differentiation and the response to external stimuli.

Reference:

• Alberts, B., et al. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ed.). Garland Science.
• Struhl, K. (2007). Transcriptional Activation by the TATA-binding Protein (TBP) and the TFIID Complex. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 19(3), 239-247.

[7] Transcription Factors

Scientific Explanation: Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of specific genes by binding to nearby DNA. They play a crucial role in turning genes on or off by controlling the RNA polymerase's ability to transcribe the gene. Transcription factors can either activate or repress gene expression, and they are essential for processes like development, cell differentiation, and response to environmental signals.

Reference:

• Alberts, B., et al. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ed.). Garland Science.
• Ptashne, M., & Gann, A. (2002). Genes & Signals. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

[8] Big Bang

Scientific Explanation: The Big Bang is the theory that describes the origin of the universe as a singular, extremely hot and dense point that expanded rapidly around 13.8 billion years ago. This expansion led to the cooling and formation of matter, stars, galaxies, and the large-scale structure of the universe. Evidence for the Big Bang includes the cosmic microwave background radiation and the observed redshift of galaxies, which indicates the universe is still expanding.

Reference:

• Hawking, S. (1988). A Brief History of Time. Bantam Books.
• Ryden, B. (2017). Introduction to Cosmology (3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley.

[9] Fermions

Scientific Explanation: Fermions are elementary particles that follow Fermi-Dirac statistics and obey the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. Fermions include particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons. They are the building blocks of matter, as they make up atoms, and they possess half-integer spin (e.g., 1/2, -1/2).

Reference:

• Griffiths, D. (2008). Introduction to Elementary Particles. Wiley-VCH.
• Susskind, L., & Friedman, A. (2004). The Theoretical Minimum: What You Need to Know to Start Doing Physics. Basic Books.

[10] Anti-Fermions

Scientific Explanation: Anti-fermions are the antiparticles corresponding to fermions. Like fermions, they obey the Pauli exclusion principle, but they have opposite charge, spin, and other quantum numbers. For example, the anti-electron (positron) is the antiparticle of the electron. When a fermion and its corresponding anti-fermion meet, they can annihilate each other, releasing energy in the process.

Reference:

• Griffiths, D. (2008). Introduction to Elementary Particles. Wiley-VCH.
• Peskin, M. E., & Schroeder, D. V. (1995). An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory. Addison-Wesley.

[11] Bosons

Scientific Explanation: Bosons are a class of elementary particles that obey Bose-Einstein statistics. Unlike fermions, which obey the Pauli exclusion principle, bosons can occupy the same quantum state. They are typically force carriers in the Standard Model of particle physics, such as the photon (for electromagnetic force), the W and Z bosons (for weak force), and the gluon (for strong force). The Higgs boson is another example, responsible for giving mass to other particles.

Reference:

• Griffiths, D. (2008). Introduction to Elementary Particles. Wiley-VCH.
• Halzen, F., & Martin, A. D. (2002). Quarks and Leptons: An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics. Wiley.

[12] For more information in English, please visit the link below: https://www.andishe.online/newpage36172130

[13] Thales

Scientific Explanation: Thales of Miletus (c. 624–546 BCE) was a Greek philosopher and one of the Seven Sages of ancient Greece. He is often regarded as the first philosopher in Western history and is known for proposing that water is the fundamental substance (arche) of all things. Thales is also credited with introducing the idea that natural phenomena have logical explanations, separate from mythological beliefs.

Reference:

• Kahn, C. H. (2001). Anaximander and the Origins of Greek Cosmology. Hackett Publishing.
• McKirahan, R. D. (1994). Philosophy Before Socrates. Hackett Publishing.

[14] Particle Physics

Scientific Explanation: Particle physics is the branch of physics that studies the fundamental constituents of matter and their interactions. It focuses on elementary particles such as quarks, leptons, and bosons, and the forces that govern their behavior, including the strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational forces.

Reference:

• Griffiths, D. (2008). Introduction to Elementary Particles. Wiley-VCH.

[15] Scientific Explanation: Democritus, a Greek philosopher, is known for formulating an early concept of the atom around 400 BCE. He proposed that everything in the universe is made up of small, indivisible particles called "atomos." These atoms, according to Democritus, differ in size, shape, and arrangement, but they are eternal and indestructible.

Reference:

• Furley, D. J. (1987). The Presocratic Philosophers. Penguin Books.

[16] Quarks

Scientific Explanation: Quarks are elementary particles that combine to form hadrons, such as protons and neutrons. They come in six types (flavors): up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Quarks interact through the strong force, mediated by gluons.

Reference:

• Griffiths, D. (2008). Introduction to Elementary Particles. Wiley-VCH.

[17] Leptons

Scientific Explanation: Leptons are fundamental particles that do not participate in strong interactions, unlike hadrons. There are six types of leptons: electron, muon, tau, and their corresponding neutrinos. Leptons interact via electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational forces.

Reference:

• Griffiths, D. (2008). Introduction to Elementary Particles. Wiley-VCH.

This article from Andishe Online Germany advocates for integrating academic sciences with science-compatible metaphysical principles to explore the origin of existence. It delves into how quantum intelligence may govern processes such as gene transcription and critiques the limitations of Big Bang theories. By aligning the philosophical framework of the Andishe Online Germany Research Institute with particle physics, the article proposes a unified approach that bridges mystical insights and scientific discoveries, offering a new perspective on the fundamental structure of the universe.